There are over 3 million abandoned or orphaned oil and gas wells across the United States. Many are unsealed and pose long-term threats to health, water quality, and the environment. This map lets you explore known abandoned well sites and state-by-state cleanup initiatives.
What Is an Abandoned or Orphaned Well?
An abandoned well is one that is no longer producing oil or gas and has not been properly sealed. When no responsible party can be found, it is considered “orphaned.” These wells may leak methane, brine, or hazardous chemicals underground and into the air.
Hazards of Abandoned Wells
- Methane leaks: A potent greenhouse gas, methane can escape through unplugged wellbores and contribute to climate change.
- Groundwater contamination: Rusted casing and open bores allow brine and drilling fluids to migrate into aquifers.
- Explosion risk: Methane accumulation in basements or enclosed spaces has caused several house explosions near old wells.
- Subsidence and sinkholes: Collapsing well structures can lead to land deformation and dangerous ground instability.
- Unmarked hazards: Many wells are not mapped, creating danger for construction crews, homeowners, and emergency responders.
Hotspot States for Abandoned Wells
- Pennsylvania: Estimated 300,000+ abandoned wells, many from the early oil boom of the 1800s. Few are mapped or sealed.
- Texas: Over 140,000 documented unplugged wells, especially in the Permian and Eagle Ford regions.
- Ohio & West Virginia: Tens of thousands of undocumented wells, some under residential neighborhoods.
- California: Many idle wells in Los Angeles pose health threats in urban areas like Playa del Rey and Wilmington.
- Louisiana: Abandoned wells in wetland zones may leak into bayous, impacting ecosystems and drinking water.
Federal & State Cleanup Programs
In 2021, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocated over $4.7 billion for orphaned well cleanup nationwide. States can apply for grants to plug wells, monitor methane emissions, and map previously unrecorded sites. However, progress is slow due to high costs, limited data, and workforce shortages.
Conclusion
Abandoned wells are a growing concern for public health and climate goals. Use this map to locate potential risks near your home and stay informed about local mitigation efforts and funding programs.
